Chapter 19: Div Element

The div element in HTML is a container element that encapsulates other elements and can be used to group and
separate parts of a webpage. A div by itself does not inherently represent anything but is a powerful tool in web
design. This topic covers the purpose and applications of the div element.

Basic usage

The <div> element usually has no specific semantic meaning by itself, simply representing a division, and is typically used for grouping and encapsulating other elements within an HTML document and separating those from other groups of content. As such, each<div> is best described by its contents.

<div>
 <p>Hello! This is a paragraph.</p>
</div>

The div element is typically a block-level element, meaning that it separates a block of an HTML document and
occupying the maximum width of the page. Browsers typically have the following default CSS rule:

div {
 display: block;
}

It’s strongly encouraged by the The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to view the div element as an
element of last resort, for when no other element is suitable. The use of more appropriate elements
instead of the div element leads to better accessibility for readers and easier maintainability for authors.

For example, a blog post would be marked up using <article> , a chapter using <section> , a page’s navigation aids using <nav> , and a group of form controls using <fieldset>.

div elements can be useful for stylistic purposes or to wrap multiple paragraphs within a section that are all to be
annotated in a similar way.

Nesting

It is a common practice to place multiple <div> inside another <div>. This is usually referred to as “nesting”
elements and allows for further dividing elements into subsections or aid developers with CSS styling.

The <div class=“outer-div”> is used to group together two <div class=“inner-div”> elements; each containing a <p>element.

<div class="outer-div">
 <div class="inner-div">
 <p>This is a paragraph</p>
 </div>
 <div class="inner-div">
 <p>This is another paragraph</p>
 </div>
</div>

This will yield the following result (CSS styles applied for clarity):

Nesting inline and block elements While nesting elements you should keep in mind, that there are inline and
block elements. while block elements “add a line break in the background”, what means, other nested elements are
shown in the next line automatically, inline elements can be positioned next to each other by default

Avoid deep <div> nesting

A deep and oftenly used nested container layouts shows a bad coding style.

Rounded corners or some similar functions often create such an HTML code. For most of the last generation
browsers there are CSS3 counterparts. Try to use as little as possible HTML elements to increase the content to tag
ratio and reduce page load, resulting in a better ranking in search engines.

div section Element should be not nested deeper than 6 layers.